Reaction: (1) hapalindole U + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + chloride = hapalindole G + succinate + CO2 + H2O
(2)12-epi-fischerindole U + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + chloride = 12-epi-fischerindole G + succinate + CO2 + H2O
For diagram of reaction click here.
Glossary: 12-epi-fischerindole U = (6aS,9S,10R,10aS)-9-ethenyl-10-isocyano-6,6,9-trimethyl-5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydroindeno[2,1-b]indole
12-epi-fischerindole G = (6aR,8R,9S,10R,10aS)-8-chloro-9-ethenyl-10-isocyano-6,6,9-trimethyl-5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydroindeno[2,1-b]indole
Other name(s): ambO5 (gene name); welO5 (gene name)
Systematic name: 12-epi-fischerindole U,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (13-halogenating)
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from hapalindole-type alkaloids-producing cyanobacteria, is a specialized Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase that catalyses the chlorination of its substrates in a reaction that requires oxygen, chloride ions, ferrous iron and 2-oxoglutarate.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, Metacyc, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Hillwig, M.L. and Liu, X. A new family of iron-dependent halogenases acts on freestanding substrates. Nat. Chem. Biol. 10 (2014) 921-923. [PMID: 25218740]
2. Zhu, Q., Hillwig, M.L., Doi, Y. and Liu, X. Aliphatic halogenase enables late-stage C-H functionalization: selective synthesis of a brominated fischerindole alkaloid with enhanced antibacterial activity. Chembiochem 17 (2016) 466-470. [PMID: 26749394]
3. Hillwig, M.L., Zhu, Q., Ittiamornkul, K. and Liu, X. Discovery of a promiscuous non-heme iron halogenase in ambiguine alkaloid biogenesis: implication for an evolvable enzyme family for late-stage halogenation of aliphatic carbons in small molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 55 (2016) 5780-5784. [PMID: 27027281]