Reaction: retinol + NADP+ = retinal + NADPH + H+
Other name(s): all-trans retinal reductase (ambiguous); all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase; NADP(H)-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase; RDH11; RDH12; RDH13; RDH14; retinol dehydrogenase 12; retinol dehydrogenase 14; retinol dehydrogenase [NADP+]; RalR1; PSDR1
Systematic name: retinol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
Comments: Greater catalytic efficiency in the reductive direction. This observation, and the enzyme's localization at the entrance to the mitochondrial matrix, suggest that it may function to protect mitochondria against oxidative stress associated with the highly reactive retinal produced from dietary β-carotene by EC 1.13.11.63 (β-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase) [2]. Km-values for NADP+ and NADPH are at least 800-fold lower than those for NAD+ and NADH [1,4]. This enzyme differs from EC 1.1.1.105, retinol dehydrogenase, which prefers NAD+ and NADH. This enzyme is distinct from EC 1.1.1.71, alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+), which shows a broad specificity for aldehydes.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, Metacyc, PDB, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Belyaeva, O.V., Korkina, O.V., Stetsenko, A.V., Kim, T., Nelson, P.S. and Kedishvili, N.Y. Biochemical properties of purified human retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12): catalytic efficiency toward retinoids and C9 aldehydes and effects of cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CRBPI) and cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) on the oxidation and reduction of retinoids. Biochemistry 44 (2005) 7035-7047. [PMID: 15865448]
2. Belyaeva, O.V., Korkina, O.V., Stetsenko, A.V. and Kedishvili, N.Y. Human retinol dehydrogenase 13 (RDH13) is a mitochondrial short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase with a retinaldehyde reductase activity. FEBS J. 275 (2008) 138-147. [PMID: 18039331]
3. Haeseleer, F., Huang, J., Lebioda, L., Saari, J.C. and Palczewski, K. Molecular characterization of a novel short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase that reduces all-trans-retinal. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 21790-21799. [PMID: 9705317]
4. Kedishvili, N.Y., Chumakova, O.V., Chetyrkin, S.V., Belyaeva, O.V., Lapshina, E.A., Lin, D.W., Matsumura, M. and Nelson, P.S. Evidence that the human gene for prostate short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (PSDR1) encodes a novel retinal reductase (RalR1). J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 28909-28915. [PMID: 12036956]